Abstract: Xifeng Soil and Water Conservation Scientific Test Station of the Yellow River Water Conservancy Commission (hereinafter referred to as "xifeng station") set up shibamutai runoff station in nanxiaohegou watershed in 1954, to carry out observation test of runoff and sediment,to study the law of sediment production and abortion in small watershed under different rainstorm conditions.This data set is shibamutai of runoff and sediment data from 1954 to 2018.By observing water level, flow rate and sediment concentration, professionals can calculate data such as flow rate, sediment transport amount, daily average flow rate, daily average sediment concentration, and daily average suspended sediment transport rate.The data set of runoff and sediment is formed after sorting, proofreading, re-calibration and audit.It provides basic data support for the study of soil and water loss in nanxiaohegou watershed of gully area of loess plateau and the effect of different treatment measures on soil and water loss.