Abstract: The spatial distribution of soil elements in wetlands is affected by many environmental factors, among which the hydrological conditions regulate the soil elements through the change of hydrological cycle and the movement of surface water and groundwater. Since the Dongting Lake Wetland Ecosystem Research Station officially operated in 2009, pursuant to the unified monitoring criteria of China Ecosystem Research Network (CERN), we have carried out long-term and locating survey on the main physical and chemical substances, nutrient elements, heavy metal contents, etc. in the soil of the wetland ecosystem under the change of the hydrological situation of the Dongting Lake. We managed to obtain the dataset of soil elements on the beach of the Dongting Lake from 2012 to 2016 by processing the survey data of the surface soil elements of three typical wetland plants (Carex. sp, Triarrhena lutarioriparia and Polygonum hydropiper) in the Dongting Lake. This dataset contains 13 indices, including organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, rapidly available potassium, total manganese, total iron, lead, chromium, nickel, mercury and arsenic. The relative error rate of these 13 indices is 4.24% on average, with an average relative deviation of 3.76%. Moreover, complete background information is attached to ensure the temporal and spatial consistency of data. The dataset can provide data support for studying the Dongting Lake in soil nutrition assessment, environmental quality evaluation, soil contamination risk appraisal and environmental soil science research.
Keywords: nutrient element; heavy metal; soil pollution; wetland beach; long-term locating survey